The South African Schools Act (SASA) of 1996 was a cornerstone legislation in South Africa’s educational landscape during the post-apartheid era. It sought to eliminate past discriminatory practices and transform education into an inclusive, equitable system, accessible to all South Africans regardless of their racial, social, or economic backgrounds.
A Summary of the South African Schools Act of 1996
Key Provisions of the Act
- Compulsory Attendance and Admission: SASA made schooling compulsory for all South African children from the age of seven years until the age of fifteen or the completion of grade nine, whichever occurs first. It also established guidelines for admission policies, mandating non-discrimination and equal access for all learners.
- Public Schools and Governance: The Act distinguishes between public and independent schools, focusing primarily on the governance of public schools. It introduced the concept of democratic school governance through the formation of school governing bodies (SGBs). These bodies are comprised of parents, educators, non-teaching staff, and students (in secondary schools), granting stakeholders a direct role in the school’s operation.
- Powers and Functions of School Governing Bodies: SGBs were given significant autonomy under SASA. They are permitted to create school-specific policies regarding language, religion, school fees, and the code of conduct for learners. They also manage school property, administer school funds, and can recommend the appointment of educators and non-educator staff.
- Funding and Fees: SASA provides a framework for the funding of public schools by the state, taking into account factors like the economic situation of the community and the resources of the school. Schools are also allowed to charge school fees, determined by a majority vote of parents. Importantly, the Act stipulates that no child can be denied education due to their parents’ inability to pay fees.
- Curriculum and Assessment: While the national Department of Education determines the curriculum, SASA grants schools flexibility in how they deliver it. Schools, through their SGBs, can decide how they want to organize their school day and which extra-curricular activities they want to offer.
- Code of Conduct and Discipline: The Act authorizes the creation and enforcement of a code of conduct by the SGB to maintain discipline in schools. This code should prohibit all forms of unfair discrimination and promote mutual respect among learners.
The South African Schools Act of 1996 marked a significant shift in the approach to education in South Africa. It aimed to dismantle the disparities of the apartheid-era education system by promoting inclusivity, democracy, and equal access. By decentralizing powers to the school level, the Act enabled schools to meet the unique needs of their communities, thus promoting a more responsive education system. While implementation and interpretation of the Act may vary, the principles it upholds continue to guide the governance and operation of South African schools towards a more equitable future.