What does Connectivism Emphasise in the Learning Process

In this article, we focus on the question: What does connectivism emphasise in the learning process? As a learner, it is important to understand how this theory shapes the way people learn using technology, information, and connections.

Connectivism is a learning theory introduced by George Siemens, a Canadian researcher in education and digital learning. He created this theory to explain how learning takes place in today’s world — where information is constantly changing, and people learn by connecting to different sources, people, and platforms. His work was influenced by the rise of the internet, social media, and digital tools that now play a major role in how learners access and share knowledge.

This article explains exactly what connectivism emphasises, by dividing it into two clear areas:

• How learning happens, which includes the use of networks, connections, and continuous access to knowledge.
• What skills are important, such as the ability to find useful information, filter it, stay updated, and make good decisions.

You will also see how these ideas are already being used in South Africa, in schools, community projects, and universities, to improve access to education and make learning more flexible and connected.

What does Connectivism Emphasise in the Learning Process

Connectivism emphasises networks, connections, technology, and personal and social contexts in the learning process. This modern approach to education reflects the interconnected nature of our digital world, where learning is not an isolated activity but a collaborative process. By focusing on creating connections between information, ideas, and people, connectivism enables learners to build dynamic networks of understanding. In the South African context, this can be particularly valuable in bridging educational gaps and fostering inclusivity. Technology plays a central role in facilitating these connections, allowing for diverse learning communities and personalised learning paths. That’s why connectivism is becoming an increasingly relevant educational paradigm, offering a flexible and interactive approach that aligns with the way people naturally learn and interact in a digitally connected era.

Definition and Basics of Connectivism

Introduction to Connectivism

Connectivism is a theory that stresses the importance of networks, connections, technology, and personal and social contexts in learning. It views learning as a process of creating connections and developing networks, rather than simply acquiring information.

Connectivism in the South African Context

In South Africa, connectivism has been applied to various educational practices, often to bridge the digital divide and make education more inclusive and accessible. By emphasizing connections, South African educators can leverage technology to enhance learning across diverse social and economic backgrounds.

Key Emphases of Connectivism

Emphasis on Networks and Connections

1. Networks: Connectivism views learning as a networked process where learners create connections between information, ideas, and concepts.
2. Connections: These connections might be with people, resources, or even other learning networks, reflecting the complex, interconnected nature of knowledge in the digital age.

Emphasis on Technology

1. Digital Tools: Connectivism strongly emphasizes the use of technology, such as computers, the Internet, and social media, to facilitate these connections.
2. Online Communities: The theory encourages the formation of online learning communities, allowing learners to interact with peers, teachers, and experts around the world.

Emphasis on Personal and Social Contexts

1. Personal Learning Environments: Connectivism recognizes that each learner has unique needs, interests, and experiences, and it encourages personalized learning paths.
2. Social Learning: The theory acknowledges that learning is inherently social and encourages collaboration and interaction with others.

Connectivism in Practice – South African Examples

School-Based Learning

1. Digital Classrooms in Public Schools

In provinces like Gauteng and the Western Cape, the Department of Education has rolled out smart classroom initiatives that include tablets, projectors, and online learning platforms like SA-SAMS and Snapplify. These tools allow learners to search, explore, and connect with digital content rather than rely solely on textbooks. This shift mirrors the core of connectivism: learning through access and connection to networks.

Example:
At Cosmo City Secondary School in Johannesburg, learners use Google Classroom to complete tasks, access resources, and collaborate online — encouraging them to connect beyond their classroom walls. Teachers act more like facilitators, guiding learners as they explore multiple sources of information.

2. Blended Learning Models

Schools like Christel House South Africa in Cape Town combine face-to-face teaching with online platforms such as Moodle and Khan Academy, giving learners the opportunity to build their own learning networks. Learners can pause, replay, and explore content on their own time — a key trait of connectivist learning.

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Community-Based Learning and Technology Access

1. IkamvaYouth: Peer-to-Peer Support Networks

IkamvaYouth, a non-profit organisation operating in townships such as Khayelitsha and Mamelodi, helps high school learners improve their academic performance through peer mentoring, online resources, and tutoring. They use WhatsApp study groups, Google Docs, and Zoom sessions to build collaborative learning environments — a clear practice of connectivism where learners teach and support each other through digital connections.

2. Zero-Rated Online Learning Platforms

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Department of Basic Education partnered with mobile networks to make online learning platforms zero-rated — meaning learners could access them for free without using mobile data. Sites like Woza Matrics, Khan Academy, and Siyavula became essential for learners in rural areas, allowing them to learn independently through online networks even with limited school access.

3. Digify Africa: Digital Skills for Youth

Digify Africa provides digital training to young South Africans in underserved communities. Their courses in digital marketing, social media, and online research are delivered through WhatsApp and mobile-friendly platforms. This allows learners to build digital networks and gain 21st-century skills, following connectivist principles of learning through exploration, networks, and relevance.

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Higher Education and Online Learning Platforms

1. University of South Africa (UNISA)

As the largest open-distance learning institution in Africa, UNISA operates almost fully online. Students are required to access e-tutors, join discussion forums, and use online libraries to complete tasks. This builds a network of learners who connect through technology, not in person, and are encouraged to independently manage their learning journey.

2. Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs)

South African universities like UCT and Wits have partnered with global platforms such as Coursera and edX to offer free or low-cost online courses. These allow learners to engage with global experts and communities, forming learning networks that go far beyond traditional classrooms.

Conclusion

Connectivism emphasizes the vital role of networks, connections, technology, and personal and social contexts in the learning process. It reflects a shift in understanding learning, from a solitary, information-gathering activity to a collaborative, network-building process. In the South African context, this theory has the potential to make education more accessible and tailored to individual needs. By focusing on connections, both within the content and among learners, connectivism fosters a more dynamic and engaging learning environment. This approach has been applied successfully in various South African educational settings, showcasing its relevance and potential for reshaping education in a rapidly changing digital world.